//  Console.java  2003 Kari Laitinen

//  www.naturalprogramming.com

//  2003-10-02  File created.
//  2004-10-11  Last modification.

//  Comment added on Oct. 11, 2004: The new Java 1.5 version
//  provides a class named Scanner. With that class it is possible
//  to read the keyboard almost equally easily as with the
//  the class provided in this file.

//  This file defines a class named Console that contains
//  public static methods to read various data items from
//  the keyboard. This file is necessary because Java does
//  not provide simple standard methods to use the keyboard
//  in programs that are executed in the command prompt
//  window.

//  To use the methods of this class, you need to have
//  this file in the same directory (folder) as the
//  .java file that contains your program.

//  To find out how different methods are used, please
//  study Java programs provided by me.

//  Note that at the beginning of your studies you do not
//  need to understand the inner structure of the methods
//  in this file. You just should learn how these methods
//  can be used in Java programs.

//  If you use the Internet search engines, you can find
//  other Java classes that have the name Console and contain
//  static methods like readLine(), readInt(), readDouble(),
//  etc. Thus, this kind of class is almost a "de facto"
//  standard to read data from the keyboard. Probably the
//  first Console class has been provided in a book by
//  Cay Horstmann and Gary Cornell. The C# programming language,
//  "Microsoft's Java", has also a standard class named Console
//  to read data from the keyboard.

//  Before I found out that a class named Console
//  is commonly used in the Java world, I had developed my own
//  class named Keyboard to read data from the keyboard.
//  As I learned that Console is the "standard" class, I decided
//  to rename my Keyboard class to Console, and I also renamed
//  the methods so that they are the same as in other Console
//  classes. I believe that my Console class has more methods than
//  the other Console classes. The old Keyboard.java program is
//  available among my .java files if somebody is interested.


import java.io.* ;

class Console
{
   public static String readLine()
   {
      String  string_from_keyboard  =  new  String() ;

      try
      {
         BufferedReader  standard_input  =  new BufferedReader(

            new InputStreamReader( System.in ) ) ;

         string_from_keyboard  =  standard_input.readLine() ;

      }
      catch (IOException exception_not_processed )
      {
      }

      return  string_from_keyboard ;
   }

   //  Method readString() works like readLine()

   public static String readString()
   {
      String  string_from_keyboard  =  new  String() ;

      try
      {
         BufferedReader  standard_input  =  new BufferedReader(

            new InputStreamReader( System.in ) ) ;

         string_from_keyboard  =  standard_input.readLine() ;

      }
      catch (IOException exception_not_processed )
      {
      }

      return  string_from_keyboard ;
   }

   //  Method trim() removes white space from
   //  both ends of a string.

   public static byte readByte()
   {
      return  Byte.parseByte( readLine().trim() ) ;
   }

   public static short readShort()
   {
      return  Short.parseShort( readLine().trim() ) ;
   }


   public static int readInt()
   {
      return  Integer.parseInt( readLine().trim() ) ;
   }

   public static int readIntBinary()
   {
      return  Integer.parseInt( readLine().trim(), 2 ) ;
   }

   public static int readIntHexadecimal()
   {
      return  Integer.parseInt( readLine().trim(), 16 ) ;
   }


   public static long readLong()
   {
      return  Long.parseLong( readLine().trim() ) ;
   }

   public static char readChar()
   {
      String  string_from_keyboard  =  readLine() ;

      return  string_from_keyboard.charAt( 0 ) ;
   }

   public static float readFloat()
   {
      return  Float.parseFloat( readLine().trim() ) ;
   }

   public static double readDouble()
   {
      return  Double.parseDouble( readLine().trim() ) ;
   }

   public static void main( String[] not_used )
   {
      System.out.print("\n\n Let's test class Console. Type something:  "  ) ;

      String  given_string  =  readLine() ;

      System.out.print( "\n\n  This I got: "  +  given_string ) ;

      /*****************

      System.out.print("\n\n Type in a short integer:  "  ) ;

      short  given_short_integer  =  readShort() ;

      System.out.print( "\n\n  This I got: "  +  given_short_integer ) ;

      System.out.print("\n\n Type in an int integer:  "  ) ;

      int  given_integer  =  readInt() ;

      System.out.print( "\n\n  This I got: "  +  given_integer ) ;

      ***********/

      System.out.print("\n\n Type in a binary int integer:  "  ) ;

      int  binary_integer  =  readIntBinary() ;

      System.out.print( "\n\n  This I got: "  +  binary_integer ) ;

      System.out.print("\n\n Type in a hexadecimal int integer:  "  ) ;

      int  hexadecimal_integer  =  readIntHexadecimal() ;

      System.out.print( "\n\n  This I got: "  +  hexadecimal_integer ) ;


      /*****************


      System.out.print("\n\n Type in a double number:  "  ) ;

      double  given_double_number  =  readDouble() ;

      System.out.print( "\n\n  This I got: "  +  given_double_number ) ;

      System.out.print("\n\n Type in a float number:  "  ) ;

      float  given_float_number  =  readFloat() ;

      System.out.print( "\n\n  This I got: "  +  given_float_number ) ;

      ****************/

   }
}