//  StringToUpperCase.java  (c) 2004 Kari Laitinen

//  http://www.naturalprogramming.com

//  2005-04-10  File created.
//  2005-04-10  Last modification.

//  A solutions to Exercise 8-4.

import java.util.* ;

class StringToUpperCase
{
   public static void main( String[] not_in_use )
   {
      Scanner keyboard = new Scanner( System.in ) ;

      System.out.print( "\n Please, type in a string. \n\n    " ) ;

      String  given_string  =  keyboard.nextLine() ;

      System.out.print( "\n The given String in uppercase form: \n\n    " ) ;


      for ( int character_index  =  0 ;
                character_index  <  given_string.length() ;
                character_index  ++ )
      {
         if ( given_string.charAt( character_index )  >=  'a'  &&
              given_string.charAt( character_index )  <=  'z'  )
         {
            //  The result of a subtraction operation is of type int.
            //  Therefore, the conversion (char) is used below to convert
            //  the numerical value to a value of type char

            System.out.print( (char) (given_string.charAt( character_index )
                                                                  - 0x20) ) ;
         }
         else
         {
            System.out.print( given_string.charAt( character_index ) ) ;
         }
      }

      //  An easier way to solve this problem is to use the
      //  ToUpper() String method in the following way.

      System.out.print(  "\n\n    "  +  given_string.toUpperCase() ) ;
   }
}