//  UplowLowercase.java  Copyright (c) 2006 Kari Laitinen

//  http://www.naturalprogramming.com

//  2006-02-23   File created.
//  2006-02-23   Last modification.

//  UplowLowercase.java  Copyright (c) 2006 Kari Laitinen

//  http://www.naturalprogramming.com

//  2006-02-23   File created.
//  2006-02-23   Last modification.

//  A solution to Exercise 16-2.


class UplowLowercase
{
   static String convert_string_lowercase( String given_string )
   {
      StringBuilder modified_string  =  new StringBuilder( given_string ) ;

      int  character_index  =  0 ;

      while ( character_index  <  modified_string.length() )
      {
         if ( modified_string.charAt( character_index )  >=  'A'  &&
              modified_string.charAt( character_index )  <=  'Z'  )
         {
            modified_string.setCharAt( character_index,  
               (char)  ( modified_string.charAt( character_index )  |  0x20 ) );
         }

         character_index  ++  ;
      }

      return  modified_string.toString() ;
   }

   static String convert_string_uppercase( String given_string )
   {
      StringBuilder modified_string  =  new StringBuilder( given_string ) ;

      int  character_index  =  0 ;

      while ( character_index  <  modified_string.length() )
      {
         if ( modified_string.charAt( character_index )  >=  'a'  &&
              modified_string.charAt( character_index )  <=  'z'  )
         {
            modified_string.setCharAt( character_index,
               (char)  ( modified_string.charAt( character_index )  &  0xDF ) );
         }

         character_index  ++  ;
      }

      return  modified_string.toString() ;
   }

   public static void main( String[] not_in_use )
   {
      String  test_string  =  "James Gosling is the inventor of Java." ;

      System.out.print( "\n Original string:   "  +  test_string ) ;

      String  uppercase_string  =  convert_string_uppercase( test_string ) ;

      System.out.print( "\n After conversion:  "  +  uppercase_string ) ;

      System.out.print( "\n Better conversion: "
                     +  test_string.toUpperCase() ) ;

      String  lowercase_string  =  convert_string_lowercase( test_string ) ;

      System.out.print( "\n After lowercasing: "  +  lowercase_string ) ;

      System.out.print( "\n Better lowercasing:"
                     +  test_string.toLowerCase() ) ;
   }
}